During the time of Alexander the Great, the kingdom of Pergamum was one of the wealthiest in the middle east boasting medical innovation and stunning architecture including baths, temples, libraries, an asclepion and the magnificent acropolis that crowns the site. The asclepion was an ancient centre for healing. The great physician Galen was born here and his work at the Pergamum medical school influenced Western medicine for centuries.
Nearby are the ruins of Allianoi, built on a natural hot water source, the ancient city was also a centre for healing, especially hydrotherapy. This relatively recent excavation is fighting against time to rescue and preserve statues and other artifacts before the entire region is submerged underwater due to a dam now in construction.
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